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国际放射防护委员会的前身是国际Ｘ射线与镭防护委员会，成立于１９２８年。它的建议已经由保护使用Ｘ射线与镭的医疗人员的简单指令性规定发展成涉及致电离辐射照射的一切人类活动的完整防护体系。小剂量引起的某些辐射健康效应已有所发生，尽管概率很低，委员会对此感到满意，因为这样一来它的防护体系就是以危险为基础的了。这一防护体系已不再是指令性的而必须根据判断予以应用。在ＩＣＲＰ第６０号出版物，即委员会的１９９０年建议书中建立了这些判断的基础及其应用框架。
The predecessor of the International Commission on Radiological Protection is the International Commission for X-Ray and Radionuclides, established in 1928. Its recommendations have evolved into a complete protection system that addresses all human activities that cause exposure to ionizing radiation, from simple mandatory provisions for the protection of medical personnel using X-rays and radiums. Some radiation health effects, which have been caused by small doses, have taken place, and the Committee is satisfied with the low probability that its system of protection will thus be dangerous. This system of protection is no longer prescriptive and must be applied on the basis of judgment. The basis for these judgments and their application frameworks are established in the ICRP publication 60, the Committee’s 1990 Recommendation.