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经济处罚机制是环境保护各项政策顺利实施的重要保障,是排污许可证制度的基本内容。现有水污染处罚机制缺少详细的处罚原则和裁量依据,处罚标准的计算方法不明确,缺乏可执行性;经济处罚力度较小,违法成本偏低;没以罚没排污单位违法收益为基本原则;绝对静态的处罚模式没有考虑违法行为的持续性,对排污单位威慑性不强。建议以有效威慑违法行为、抑制违法动机为根本目标,以罚没违法收益为基本原则,考虑违法持续时间和执法成本,设计“倍率加动态非绝对上限”的经济处罚标准,实施递进的处罚机制,并建立处罚机制的评估和调整机制。
The economic punishment mechanism is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation of environmental protection policies and the basic content of the permit system for sewage discharge. The existing water pollution punishment mechanism lacks detailed punishment principle and discretion basis, the calculation method of penalty standard is not clear and lacks enforceability; the economic punishment is small and the illegal cost is low; the basic principle of not punishing illegal income of sewage disposal unit is not punished; Absolute static punishment mode did not consider the continuity of illegal acts, the deterrent of sewage units is not strong. Proposed effective deterrence of illegal behavior, inhibition of illegal motivation as the fundamental goal to foul illegal revenue as the basic principle, taking into account the duration of illegal and law enforcement costs, design “rate plus dynamic non-absolute ceiling ” economic penalties, the implementation of progressive Punishment mechanism, and the establishment of punishment mechanism assessment and adjustment mechanism.