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本文论述了电子管用热解石墨栅极毛坯的制备条件同性能的关系,以及对加工性能的影响。同时指出,由于毛坯需要加工和打网才能成栅,所以要求选择合适的工艺参数,使制得的毛坯残余应力小、不分层、无明显瘤子、加工和打网性能良好。其中以沉积温度,炉内压力和气体流量对热解石墨的结构和性能影响较大,而温度的影响尤为显著。 在我们的条件下,沉积温度1700～1800℃,适当的炉压和气体流量,制取了数批栅极毛坯。经机加工和喷砂打网,试制成数套栅极(Fu—101型四极管),装管后进行了热放射、静态和动态、例行、寿命等项试验。所得结果表明:热解石墨栅极的热放射较小,在相同的负载下,仅是喷锆钼栅极的1/50左右。其他试验均取得满意结果。其使用寿命已超过钼栅极规定的极限,已达4000～5000小时,高者已达10.000小时。因此,我们认为热解石墨栅极的采用对于缩小电子管体积,提高发射管的可靠性,延长使用寿命,特别是对于发展大功率大型发射管和超高频电子管具有重要的实际意义。
In this paper, the relationship between the preparation conditions of pyrolytic graphite gate blank for electron tubes and the properties and the influence on the processing properties are discussed. At the same time, it is pointed out that because the blank needs to be processed and hit the net to form a grid, it is required to select the appropriate process parameters so that the resulting blank has small residual stress, no delamination, no obvious neoplasm and good processing and netting performance. Among them, the structure and properties of pyrolytic graphite are greatly affected by the deposition temperature, furnace pressure and gas flow rate, and the influence of temperature is especially significant. Under our conditions, the deposition temperature of 1700 ~ 1800 ℃, the appropriate furnace pressure and gas flow, made of several batches of gate blank. After machining and sand blasting, several sets of grids (Fu-101 type quadrupole) were trial-produced and tested for heat emission, static and dynamic, routine and life after loading. The results show that the thermal radiation of pyrolytic graphite grid is smaller and only about 1/50 of that of zirconium molybdenum grid at the same load. Other tests have achieved satisfactory results. Its service life has exceeded the limit of the molybdenum grid has reached 4000 ~ 5000 hours, the highest has reached 10.000 hours. Therefore, we believe that the use of pyrolytic graphite gate for reducing the volume of the tube to improve the reliability of the launch tube and prolong the service life, especially for the development of large-power high-power launch tube and UHF tube has important practical significance.