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在西方国家,利益集团的存在并在政策制定过程中施加影响是一种十分普遍的现象。它们参与政治过程进行利益表达的主要方式有介入选举过程,影响选举结果;疏通政府,影响政府的行政活动;广泛介入立法过程,影响立法结果以及采用公开运动等方式对政府施加影响。它们对政策制定的影响既有积极的影响又有负面的作用。
In western countries, it is a very common phenomenon that the existence of interest groups and exert influence in the policy making process. The main ways in which they participate in the political process to express their interests are to intervene in the election process and affect the election results; to clear up the government and influence the government’s administrative activities; to intervene widely in the legislative process, influence the legislative outcome and adopt open campaigns to exert influence on the government. Their impact on policymaking has both positive and negative effects.