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目的:探讨肥胖与雌激素的相互关系及对子宫的影响。方法:将48只SD大鼠随机分为6组:普通饮食组(A组)、高脂饮食组(B组)、去势后普通饮食组(C组)、去势后高脂饮食组(D组)、去势后雌激素替代普通饮食组(E组)、去势后雌激素替代高脂饮食组(F组)。每周检测体重,饲养14周后,进行腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT实验);16周后处死实验大鼠,取血清测量生化指标并比较各组大鼠的子宫直观表象及组织学改变。结果:缺乏雌激素会导致实验大鼠体重及内脏脂肪含量的增加。甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)、尿酸(UA)水平与雌激素水平负相关,TG水平与肥胖正相关,但各组指标差异不显著。雌激素缺乏与胰岛素抵抗有关,雌激素替代能够增加胰岛素敏感性并降低血糖。雌激素撤退会导致子宫萎缩,而给予替代雌激素后能明显促进子宫的生长发育。雌激素、肥胖与子宫内膜的增殖均为正相关关系。结论:雌激素与肥胖密切相关,两者均与子宫的生长发育和子宫内膜的增殖正相关。
Objective: To explore the relationship between obesity and estrogen and its influence on the uterus. Methods: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal diet group (A group), high fat diet group (B group), castrated normal diet group (C group), castrated postprandial hypercholesterol diet group Group D), castrated estrogen replaced normal diet group (E group) and castrated estrogen replaced high fat diet group (Group F). Body weight was measured weekly. After 14 weeks of rearing, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT test) was performed. After 16 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the serum biochemical parameters were measured. The visualization and histological changes of the uterus in each group were compared. Results: Lack of estrogen resulted in the increase of body weight and visceral fat in experimental rats. Triglyceride (TG), blood glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA) levels and estrogen levels were negatively correlated, TG levels and obesity are positively correlated, but the indicators of each group was not significantly different. Estrogen deficiency is associated with insulin resistance, estrogen replacement can increase insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar. Estrogen withdrawal will lead to uterine atrophy, while giving estrogen replacement can significantly promote the growth and development of the uterus. Estrogen, obesity and endometrial proliferation are positively correlated. Conclusion: Estrogen is closely related to obesity, both of which are positively correlated with the growth and development of uterus and the proliferation of endometrium.