本文以汶川地震地表形变带的实地测量数据为基础,结合沿实测地震地表变形剖面建筑物破坏情况的调查与测量,分析了不同地震地表变形类型及其建筑物破坏特征,定量化地讨论了地表变形梯度与建筑物破坏程度间的关系。提出无论地震地表变形表现为何种类型的断层陡坎,地表破裂、强变形局部化在宽10~30m的地表破裂带内;建筑物受损情况最直接的影响是建筑物所处地点的地表变形梯度,地表变形梯度大于0.1的地段,建筑物均完全被摧毁;地表变形梯度在0.07~0.1间的地段,建筑物遭受严重损坏,产生倾斜及强烈变形等;地表变形梯度在0.03~0.07之间的地段,建筑物可能受到中度损坏,产生倾斜及变形等,具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般不会倒塌;地表变形梯度小于0.03的地段具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般只会受到轻的损坏或基本完好。 Based on the field measurement data of the surface deformation zone of Wenchuan earthquake and the investigation and measurement of the building damage along the measured ground surface deformation, the types of surface deformation and the damage characteristics of the buildings are analyzed. The ground surface Deformation gradient and the relationship between the degree of damage to the building. It is suggested that the surface rupture and the strong deformation are localized in the surface rupture zone with a width of 10 ~ 30m regardless of the type of fault scarps presented by the seismic surface deformation. The most direct impact of the damage to the building is the deformation of the surface of the site where the building is located Gradient, the surface deformation gradient is greater than 0.1 in the lot, the buildings are completely destroyed; surface deformation gradient in the 0.07 to 0.1 lots, the building suffered serious damage, resulting in tilt and strong deformation; surface deformation gradient between 0.03 ~ 0.07 The buildings may be moderately damaged, inclined and deformed, and the buildings with seismic fortification capacity generally will not collapse; the buildings with the seismic deformation resistance of less than 0.03 in the surface deformation gradations will generally only be affected by light Damaged or almost intact.