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环境保护问题已成为全人类的共同关切,在此背景之下,环境影响评估制度亦得到快速发展,这具体体现在大量的国内立法和条约实践、“软法”规范和司法实践当中。统一持续的国家实践逐渐形成,同时国家也承认其法律拘束力——针对具有严重跨界环境损害风险的拟建项目实施环境影响评估是一国应该承担的国际义务,作为一般性规范其已发展成习惯国际法:但对于如何具体实施这一国际义务,除了已经形成共识的一些基本要素,相关规则仍在发展中,当涉及实施环境影响评估的具体程序时,各国依然拥有相当大的自由裁量权。如何在保证经济社会发展的同时也为我们自己以及未来世代保有一个可持续发展的环境,是当代无法回避的命题,也是环境影响评估制度存在的意义和演进的节点。
The issue of environmental protection has become a common concern of all mankind. Under this background, the system of environmental impact assessment has also been rapidly developed. This is embodied in a great deal of domestic legislation and treaty practice, and “soft law” norms and judicial practices. The unification and continuous practice of the state gradually formed while the state also recognized its legally binding force - the implementation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) for proposed projects with a risk of serious cross-border environmental damage is an international obligation that a country should assume and has developed as a general norm Into Customary International Law: However, the relevant rules are still under development for how to implement this international obligation in concrete terms, except when it comes to the specific procedures for implementing environmental impact assessment (EIA), and each country still has considerable discretion . How to maintain a sustainable development environment for ourselves and our future generations while ensuring economic and social development is an unavoidable proposition for the present era and a node for the significance and evolution of the environmental impact assessment system.