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回顾了杂交水稻三系不育系15 a来选育的实践,总结了选育杂交水稻三系不育系的经验与体会。1)利用籼粳交加花药培养快速稳定技术选育三系不育系及其保持系,育种难度大,成效低;2)选育优质不育系,低代品质鉴定是关键;3)不育系异交结实率的选择,应从柱头外露率和田间自然异交结实率两方面考虑;4)有针对性地进行个别性状的遗传改良选育新的不育系,可以达到事半功倍的效果;5)选育抗稻瘟病水稻不育系是非常必要的,应加强这方面的工作。
The practice of breeding 15-year-old CMS lines in hybrid rice was reviewed, and the experience and experience of breeding three-line CMS lines in hybrid rice were summarized. 1) It is difficult and inefficient to breed three-line CMS lines and their maintainer lines by the rapid and stable culture of indica / japonica hybrid plus anther culture. 2) The selection of high quality CMS lines is the key to the identification of low quality. 3) The rate of outcrossing should be considered in terms of the rate of stigma exsertion and the natural rate of outcrossing in the field. 4) Targeted genetic improvement of individual traits can achieve a multiplier effect with less effort. It is very necessary to breed rice blast resistant rice lines and we should strengthen the work in this area.