目的分析宝鸡市医用射线放射工作人员周围血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率的水平以及与累积剂量的关系,了解医用射线对淋巴细胞染色体的影响,为评价放射工作人员健康水平提供依据。方法比较医用射线工作人员不同级别医院和不同工种以及与正常对照组的染色体畸变率的变化情况,探讨医用射线放射工作人员的染色体各类畸变率与累计剂量的关系。结果放射治疗组与对照组的无着丝粒断片(acentric fragment,ace)畸变率和染色体型畸变率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同工种间(包括对照组)的染色体型畸变率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二级甲等医院与对照组的ace畸变率、染色体型畸变率以及染色体畸变总率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除双着丝粒(dicentric,dic)畸变率之外,不同级别医院间的各项畸变指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同级别医院的放射工作人员染色体型畸变率与累积剂量的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医用射线放射工作人员的各项染色体型畸变率高于正常人群,尤其是放射治疗组和二级甲等医院放射人员,小剂量辐射损伤仍然存在,应加强辐射防护,可针对不同工种和不同级别医院的医用射线放射工作人员,制定不同的细胞遗传学指标的检测周期,降低电离辐射累积效应的发生。 Objective To analyze the level of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes around medical radiation workers in Baoji City and the relationship with the accumulated dose to understand the influence of medical radiation on the chromosomes of lymphocytes and provide basis for evaluating the health status of radiation workers. Methods The changes of chromosome aberration rate in different levels of hospital and different types of workers and those in normal control group were compared, and the relationship between chromosome aberration rate and cumulative dose of medical radiographic staff was discussed. Results The differences of acentric fragment (ace) and chromosome aberration between radiotherapy group and control group were statistically significant (P <0.05). The difference of chromosome aberration rate among different types of work (including control group) was statistically significant (P <0.05). There were significant differences in ace aberration rate, chromosome aberration rate and total chromosomal aberration between the two first class hospitals and the control group (P <0.05). In addition to the dicentric (dic) distortion rate, there were significant differences among the different levels of hospital distortions (P <0.05). The correlation between chromosome aberration rate and cumulative dose of radiation workers in different levels of hospitals was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The rate of chromosome aberration in medical radiation workers is higher than that in normal people, especially in radiotherapy group and Grade A hospital radiologists. Low dose radiation damage still exists. Radiation protection should be strengthened. The level of hospital medical radiation workers, to develop different cytogenetic indicators of the detection cycle, reduce the cumulative effect of ionizing radiation.