三、雅各宾主义的政治实践从意识形态上说,雅各宾主义是启蒙运动的理性主义哲学的继续,它以资产阶级理性主义为基础。自由,公民平等,国家主权,这一切应当保证人和公民的新生,应当在财产和经济自由主义的坚实基础上确保人的充分幸福,人们只有在考虑公共福利时,才能对财产和经济自由主义加以限制。既是个人主义,又是功利主义,社会组织的目的是保障个人的幸福。但个人只有通过其自身来达到他自己的目的。从1791年夏国王出逃后,尤其是在1792年8月10日推翻王政后,一连串的事件使得冷酷的现实和这种理想形成了对照。从那时起,革命斗争的需要给个 3. The Political Practice of Jacobinism Ideologically, Jacobinism is the continuation of the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment. It is based on bourgeois rationalism. Freedom, equality of citizens and state sovereignty all should guarantee the freshmen of citizens and citizens should ensure the full well-being of human beings on the solid foundation of property and economic liberalism, and that property and economic liberalism should only be taken into consideration when considering public welfare limit. Both individualism and utilitarianism, the purpose of social organization is to protect the individual’s happiness. But an individual can achieve his own purpose only by himself. After the flight of the King in the summer of 1791, especially after the overthrow of the Chief Minister on August 10, 1792, a series of incidents made the cold reality contradict this ideal. Since then, the need for a revolutionary struggle has been given