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丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的水源地,水库水域面积的动态变化研究,对保障调水有重要意义。针对丹江口水库水域面积变化较快、短期波动明显,对南水北调中线工程稳定调水有较大影响的问题,采用2000年3月~2015年10月逐月遥感影像,基于归一化差异水体指数(NDWI)提取水体,研究了丹江口水库水域面积的动态变化。结果表明:丹江口水库近16 a来月际平均水域面积均超过400 km2,2~7月份为枯水期,8月份~翌年1月份为丰水期。按季节来看,夏季至秋季水库水域面积呈增大趋势,冬季至次年春季水库水域面积呈减小趋势,同时水库水域在秋季波动最为剧烈,冬季较为平缓。自2014年12月~2015年10月,受大坝加高蓄水影响,水库水域面积均维持在550 km2以上。水库的水位涨落形成的消落区主要集中在丹江水库北部、东部和汉江水库的西部。
Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source of the mid-route of South-North Water Diversion Project. The study on the dynamic change of reservoir water area is of great significance to ensure water diversion. Aiming at the problem that the area of Danjiangkou reservoir changes rapidly and has obvious short-term fluctuation and great influence on the stable water transfer of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, monthly remote sensing images from March 2000 to October 2015 are used. Based on the normalized difference water body index NDWI) to extract water body, studied the dynamic change of water area in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The results show that the mean monthly water area of Danjiangkou Reservoir has exceeded 400 km2 in the past 16 years and the dry season in July ~ July and the wet season in August ~ the following January. In terms of seasons, the area of reservoir waters increased from summer to autumn, and the area of reservoirs decreased from winter to spring. In the meantime, the reservoir waters fluctuated the most in autumn and were relatively flat in winter. From December 2014 to October 2015, due to the impact of elevated water storage in the dam, the reservoir water area remained above 550 km2. The fluctuation zone formed by the water level fluctuation of the reservoir mainly concentrates in the north of the Danjiang Reservoir, the east and the west of the Hanjiang Reservoir.