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[目的]探讨郑州市机车乘务员职业紧张相关因素对睡眠障碍的影响,为提高机车乘务员睡眠质量提供科学依据。[方法]选择郑州铁路局郑州机务段1 500名机车乘务员进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括基本情况、睡眠障碍(睡眠障碍问卷)、付出回报失衡[付出-回报失衡模式(ERI)量表]和职业紧张相关因素(职业紧张指标量表)。分别以ERI系数的取值1.0,或职业紧张影响因素评分的均值为界,把研究对象分为高、低水平组;进行组间睡眠障碍评分的比较(t检验),采用多元逐步回归分析比较不同水平组间紧张反应与睡眠障碍评分关系。[结果]回收有效问卷1 448份,有效回收率为96.53%。调查对象全部为男性,睡眠障碍率为51.4%。不同水平组间睡眠障碍评分比较结果显示:ERI、付出、负性情绪、抑郁症状、每日紧张感5个因素,低水平组得分均低于高水平组(均P<0.05);而回报、正性情绪、自尊感、上级支持、同事支持、社会支持、应付策略、控制策略、支持策略、工作满意感10个因素,低水平组得分均高于高水平组(均P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析提示:抑郁症状、付出和每日紧张感与睡眠障碍呈正相关(b’=0.356、0.310、0.179),工作满意感和支持策略与睡眠障碍呈负相关(b=-0.072、-0.040)。[结论]职业紧张相关因素对郑州市机车乘务员睡眠障碍有一定的影响。应采取综合的对应措施进行干预,以改善机车乘务员的睡眠质量。
[Objective] To explore the influence of occupational stress related factors on sleeping disorders in Zhengzhou locomotive flight attendants, and provide a scientific basis for improving sleep quality of locomotive flight attendants. [Methods] A total of 1 500 locomotive flight attendants in Zhengzhou Locomotive Depot of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau were selected to conduct questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included basic information, sleep disorders (sleep disorder questionnaire), unbalanced returns [pay-return imbalance model (ERI) Tension related factors (occupational stress indicator scale). The subjects were divided into high and low groups according to the value of ERI coefficient 1.0 or the average of occupational stress factors scores. The scores of sleep disorders among groups were compared (t-test), and multivariate stepwise regression analysis was used to compare Relationship between tension and sleep disturbance score in different levels. [Result] 1 448 valid questionnaires were recovered, the effective recovery rate was 96.53%. All men were surveyed, and the rate of sleep disorders was 51.4%. The results of sleep disturbance score between different levels showed that there were 5 factors such as ERI, exertion, negative emotion, depressive symptom and daily tension, while those in low-level group were lower than those in high-level group (P <0.05) Positive emotion, self-esteem, superior support, colleague support, social support, coping strategies, control strategies, support strategies and job satisfaction were all higher in the low-level group than in the high-level group (all P <0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that depression symptoms, exertion and daily tension were positively correlated with sleep disorders (b ’= 0.356,0.310,0.179), job satisfaction and supportive strategies were negatively correlated with sleep disorders (b = -0.072, - 0.040). [Conclusion] The factors related to occupational stress have a certain impact on sleep disorders of locomotive flight attendants in Zhengzhou. Comprehensive measures should be taken to intervene so as to improve the sleeping quality of locomotive flight attendants.