Using the latest results of seismic tomography, we studied the deep tectonic settings of the moderate and strong earthquakes in Anhui Province and its neighboring areas (28°～39°N, 112°～124°E). The results are as follows: (1) There exists a certain correlation between the location of moderate-strong earthquake, the geologic structure of the surface and the partitioning of active tectonic elements with the upper-crust velocity structure. Most earthquakes recording M≥6.0 occur in high-velocity zones or in the transitional areas between high-velocity and low-velocity zones in the upper crust. Seismicity in the low-velocity zone has a lesser impact. Earthquakes occuring in the high-velocity zone are distributed mainly in the velocity variation area. The boundary belts and the interior of the North China plain fault block are the main active sites of moderate-strong earthquakes. Beneath the fault basins in the western and northern sides of the block, the upper crust is characterized by a wide discontinuous distribution in the low-velocity zone, and in the transition zone from the low- to high velocities, the moderate strong seismicity shows a zonal distribution where active faults are developed. The NW-extension Zhoukou-Hefei-Xuancheng low-velocity zone separates the high-velocity zones of Dabieshan Mountains and west Shandong-Anhui, and moderate-strong earthquakes on its northern side bordering the high-velocity zones are relatively frequent. This low-velocity zone is probably an important and deeply structured boundary between the North China and the South China tectonic provinces. (2) The frequent moderate-strong earthquake recorded in the past and the recent small earthquake activities in the Huoshan-Lu’an area are the result of a low-velocity zone in the middle crust beneath the central part of Dabieshan and the two sets of deep faults that cut through the crust.(3) In terms of deep structures, the distribution of moderate-strong earthquake in Anhui Province has an obvious regional feature. Based on historical earthquake recurrence intervals and analogue principles of deep seismogenic tectonics, the potential earthquake risk zones recording M_S5.0 in Anhui Province are determined. Using the latest results of seismic tomography, we studied the deep tectonic settings of the moderate and strong earthquakes in Anhui Province and its neighboring areas (28 ° ~39 ° N, 112 ° ~124 ° E). 1) There exists a certain correlation between the location of moderate-strong earthquake, the geologic structure of the surface and the partitioning of active tectonic elements with the upper-crust velocity structure. Most earthquakes recording M ≧ 6.0 occur in high-velocity zones or in the transitional areas between high-velocity and low-velocity zones in the upper crust. Seismicity in the low-velocity zone has a lesser impact. Earthquakes occuring in the high-velocity zone are distributed mainly in the velocity variation area. The boundary belts and the interior of the North China plain fault block are the main active sites of moderate-strong earthquakes. Beneath the fault basins in the western and northern sides of the block, the upper crust is characterize d by a wide discontinuous distribution in the low-velocity zone, and in the transition zone from the low- to high velocities, the moderate strong seismicity shows a zonal distribution where active faults are developed. The NW-extension Zhoukou-Hefei-Xuancheng low -velocity zone separates the high-velocity zones of Dabieshan Mountains and west Shandong-Anhui, and moderate-strong earthquakes on its northern side bordering the high-velocity zones are more frequent. This low-velocity zone is probably an important and deeply defined boundary between the North China and the South China tectonic provinces. (2) The frequent moderate-strong earthquake recorded in the past and the recent small earthquake activities in the Huoshan-Lu’an area are the result of a low-velocity zone in the middle crust beneath the central part of Dabieshan and the two sets of deep faults that cut through the crust. (3) In terms of deep structures, the distribution of moderate-strong earthquake in Anhui Provinc e has an oBased on historical earthquake recurrence intervals and analogue principles of deep seismogenic tectonics, the potential earthquake risk zones recording M_S5.0 in Anhui Province are determined.