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本文旨在研究公元九到十世纪间发生在广义印度洋区域直接或间接的海洋贸易。笔者所讨论的区域横跨印度洋。这是一片极大的海洋空间,西起地中海,东至中国、日本。本文的研究目的是勾勒出一个比珍妮特·阿布-卢格霍德在《欧洲霸权之前》中所论述的前现代世界系统还要早300年的海洋网络。这一网络比费尔南·布罗代尔在其扛鼎之作《商业之轮》中勾画的早近代系统早500年。在笔者所论述的网络中,有两个互相关联的产业,它们在技术与利润上互动牵动着整个系统,使之区别于此前和此后的世界性贸易网络。这两个产业分别是中国晚唐龙窑制瓷业和黑衣大食的新炉玻璃工业。本文的一个基本前提是:这两种产品的贸易终端都不在本地,存在远方需求,所以其贸易有利可图。笔者的考古证据多来自遇难货船、古代港口、陶瓷窑口和玻璃窑炉。这些证据为考量该特殊时期的长途海上贸易提供了原始数据。
This article aims to study the direct and indirect maritime trade in the general Indian Ocean region from the ninth to the tenth century AD. The area I’m discussing spans the Indian Ocean. This is a great marine space, west of the Mediterranean, east China, Japan. The purpose of this paper is to outline a 300-year-old marine network that Janet Abu-Lugohorh has had for more than 300 years before the European system of “pre-European hegemony.” This network is 500 years earlier than the earlier modern system that Fernand Braudel sketched in his “Business Wheel.” There are two interconnected industries in the network I’m discussing, and their interaction on technology and profit affects the entire system, distinguishing it from previous and future world trade networks. The two industries are respectively the new furnace glass industry in China’s Late Tang Longyao Ceramics and Black Food. The basic premise of this article is that the trading terminals of these two products are not local and there are remote needs, so their trade is profitable. The author’s archaeological evidence comes from the distressed cargo ships, ancient ports, ceramic kilns and glass kilns. The evidence provided the raw data for the consideration of long-distance maritime trade in this special period.