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川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段位于雅鲁藏布江大拐弯北部,是地质灾害频发的地区,而地质灾害的发生受当地的地质、气候、水文、人类活动等多种因素的影响,其中地质条件是控制因素。研究区位于东喜马拉雅构造结北缘,是地质构造活动最强烈的地区。在地质构造上,东喜马拉雅构造结属于冈底斯、雅鲁藏布和喜马拉雅三个构造单元。区内构造的形成经历了3个时期7个阶段。川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段的地层属于冈底斯-念青唐古拉区中的拉萨-波密分区,第四纪冰碛发育。由于强烈的地质构造活动,区内断层、褶皱等构造发育,许多断裂仍在活动,尤其是嘉黎断裂。由于地质灾害的形成需要一定的条件,并受地质条件控制,因此区内地质灾害的分布具有明显的空间特征。
The section of Ranwu-Lulang section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway is located in the north of the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra River. It is an area where frequent geological disasters occur. The occurrence of geological disasters is affected by many factors such as geology, climate, hydrology and human activities. The geological conditions are Controlling factor. The study area is located at the northern margin of the East Himalayan tectonic junction and is the area with the most tectonic activities. In geological structure, the Eastern Himalayan structural knot belongs to the three units of the Gangdise, Brahmaputra and Himalayas. The formation of regional structure experienced three stages of seven stages. The strata of the Ranwu-Lulang Section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway belonged to the Lhasa-Bomi sub-region in the Gangdese-Nyainqentanglha area, and developed Quaternary moraines. Due to the strong geological tectonic activity, the faults and folds in the area are developed. Many fractures are still active, especially the Jiali fault. Since the formation of geological disasters needs certain conditions and is controlled by geological conditions, the distribution of geological disasters in the area has obvious spatial characteristics.