论北洋海军洋员马军文化的引进，必然也包括着具体的人的引进。就中国近代史上各行各业的洋员现象而言，虽然纷繁复杂，各具特点，但归根结底是一种文化冲撞现象，是中国对之于西方、传统对之于变革的反应。作者以清末北洋海军为个案，围绕着它聘任洋员的原因、现象、后果... On the introduction of the military culture of the Northern navy surname Ma Jun, it must also include the introduction of specific people. Although the phenomenon of foreigners in all walks of life in modern history in China is both complex and diverse, it is ultimately a cultural collision that is the response of China to the West and the tradition to change. The case of the Northern navy in the late Qing Dynasty as a case, around it hired foreigners reasons, phenomena, consequences ...