自周朝开始,中国就有了翻译活动。19世纪末20世纪初,中国迎来了新一轮的翻译高潮,在这一时期,西方文学和苏联文学的汉译尤为突出。该文沿着代表译者及其译著这一线索来探讨西方文学和苏联文学汉译的目的,从而看出它们共同的政治目的性。 Since the Zhou Dynasty, China has had translation activities. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, China ushered in a new round of climax in its translation. During this period, the translation of Western literature and Soviet literature was particularly prominent. This article explores the purpose of Chinese translation of Western literature and Soviet literature along the line of translators and their translations, thus seeing their common political purpose.