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2012年我国小麦赤霉病暴发流行程度历史罕见,呈现流行速度快、流行范围广、发生区域北扩、重发区仍然集中在常发区域,品种间差异大、危害损失总体得到有效控制等特点。分析其暴发原因,小麦易感生育期遇到了大范围、多时段阴雨天气,且主产麦区的品种布局和栽培方式也有利于赤霉病的发生流行。此外,防治失时、防治质量不高和投入不足等问题也导致了部分地区损失较重。提出在思想认识、资金支持、防治方式、品种选育和协作攻关等5个方面加强监测与防控工作,以实现小麦赤霉病的持续有效治理。
The epidemic of wheat scab in China was rare in history in 2012, showing the rapid epidemic rate, wide epidemic area, the occurrence of northward expansion of the area, the recurrence of recurrent areas still concentrated in the frequent occurrence areas, the large differences among cultivars, and the overall control of the damage losses. . Analysis of the reasons for the outbreak, wheat susceptible period of development encountered a wide range, rainy days and more time periods, and the main wheat varieties and the layout of the cultivation methods are also conducive to the prevalence of scab. In addition, prevention and treatment of loss of time, prevention and control of low quality and inadequate investment and other issues also led to heavy losses in some areas. It is proposed to strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control work in five aspects: ideological understanding, financial support, prevention and control methods, breed breeding and collaborative research in order to achieve sustained and effective management of wheat scab.