1.企业的结构形式,由纵向一体化向横向一体化发展。原来为追求原材料自给自足或拥有生产全部阶段的纵向型一体化企业,在美国于80年代中期起已逐步解体。而与此同时,通过性质类似的公司不同的组合而实现企业横向一体化的趋势却在快速发展。横向一体化趋势不仅表现在包括兼并、吞并、购并等企业的合并上,还表现在企业间共同组建的合资企业的发展上。 1. The structural form of the enterprise, from vertical integration to horizontal integration. The original vertical integration enterprise that pursued raw material self-sufficiency or had all stages of production was gradually dismantled in the United States since the mid-1980s. At the same time, the trend of horizontal integration through different combinations of companies with similar properties is rapidly developing. The horizontal integration trend is not only reflected in the merger of mergers, acquisitions, mergers and acquisitions, but also in the development of joint ventures formed by enterprises.