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甲午战争前四个来华的日本考察者,通过对中国社会制度与风俗的亲身观察、体验,以他们的新眼光作出了自己的分析与判断。他们一方面看到了中国民众仍然存留着自治、乐群、勤勉、俭朴等良善习俗,另一方面更看到了“专制苛政”、人民贫穷以及鸦片流行等衰敝之相。并特别指出了君主专制官僚制度之弊,以及民间自治之善,反映了经过明治维新后的日本社会精英对中国社会制度利弊得失的洞悉。他们看到北京、上海等富庶繁华之地贫民乞丐众多,这些反映了中国民众的贫穷状况,也反映了中国农工商产业不兴而致劳动力过剩,也是清政府缺乏社会治理能力的真实写照。
The first four Japanese expatriates who came to China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1890 made their own analysis and judgment through their own new eyes through the personal observation and experience of the Chinese social system and customs. On the one hand, they saw that the Chinese people still retain good customs such as autonomy, ensemble, diligence and frugality. On the other hand, they have even seen the decadent phase of “tyranny of tyranny”, people’s poverty and the opium epidemic. In particular, it also points out the disadvantages of the monarchy’s bureaucratic system and the good of civil autonomy. It reflects the insight into the pros and cons of the Chinese social system after the Meiji Restoration of Japanese elites. They saw a large number of poor beggars in rich and prosperous areas such as Beijing and Shanghai. These reflected the poverty of the Chinese people and the excess labor force caused by the aggravating of the agro-industrial industry in China. This is also a true portrayal of the Qing government’s lack of capacity for social governance.