为提高铝合金薄板激光切割质量,对切割去除熔化物进行了收集、观察及测量研究。在Nd:YAG脉冲激光切割模式下,采用不同气熔比0.1898,0.2798,0.3708和0.6519,对0.85mm厚的1000系铝合金薄板进行切割试验。试验通过超景深三维显微镜对收集的去除熔化物形状和尺寸进行观测研究。结果表明,去除熔化物颗粒由球形颗粒和蝌蚪形颗粒两种颗粒组成,其中球形颗粒平均尺寸在71～123μm之间;高气熔比切割去除熔化物主要呈球形,颗粒尺寸较小,切割质量较好;低气熔比下熔化物主要是蝌蚪形,其中呈现的球形颗粒尺寸较大,切割质量较差。试验最终在辅助气压0.6MPa高气熔比0.6519下获得了较高质量的切口。研究结果深化了铝合金激光切割的机理认识,有效提高了铝合金薄板的激光切割质量。 In order to improve the laser cutting quality of the aluminum alloy sheet, the cutting and removing melt was collected, observed and measured. In the Nd: YAG pulsed laser cutting mode, different gas-fuel ratio of 0.1898,0.2798,0.3708 and 0.6519 were used to cut the 0.85mm thick 1000 series aluminum alloy sheet. Experimental Observations were performed on the shape and size of the collected melt removed by means of a depth of field 3D microscope. The results show that the melt particles are composed of two kinds of spherical particles and tadpole-shaped particles, the average size of the spherical particles is between 71 and 123 μm. The high melt-fuse ratio leads to a spherical shape with a smaller particle size, Better; low melting ratio of the melt is mainly tadpole-shaped, which presents a larger spherical particle size, cutting quality is poor. The test finally achieved a higher quality notch at an assist air pressure of 0.6 MPa with a high air / fuel ratio of 0.6519. The research results deepen the understanding of the mechanism of aluminum alloy laser cutting and effectively improve the laser cutting quality of the aluminum alloy sheet.