科学共同体中“女性在高职位上的低参与”现象,被一些人认为是由于同行评议制度系统性的性别歧视带来的结果。近些年来,欧美科学社会学家对这一假设进行了多项实证研究。本文介绍了针对期刊论文审稿、项目资助申请和职称评定的同行评议所进行的一些有影响的研究,并指出了这些研究可能存在的一些问题。 The “low participation of women in high positions” in the scientific community is considered by some to be the result of systematic gender discrimination in the peer review system. In recent years, European and American scientific sociologists conducted a number of empirical studies on this hypothesis. This article presents some influential studies on peer review of peer review of journal articles, project grant applications, and job title reviews, and points out some of the possible problems with these studies.