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古地理研究,过去多以固定论的大地构造学说为基础,只考虑地壳的垂直升降运动,很少或基本上不考虑海床及大陆块体的水平运动。自板块构造理论问世后,从七十年代初期开始国外古地理研究就多采用活动论观点,应用大量的古地磁、古气候、古生物区系及板块运动学的研究结果,来恢复各个地质时期的海陆分布。毫无疑问,这是一个巨大的进步。由于我国板块构造的研究起步较晚,所以到了八十年代,我们的古地理研究有不少人仍然沿用过去的观点或原则。由此而得出的一些结论,有的显然不正确,有的则值得商榷。现仅就古地理研究中的一些原则问题,例如古陆的鉴别,海侵和海退方向的确定以及地层、古生物的分区等,作一简短的探讨。
Paleogeography research, based on the theory of tectonics of the fixed theory in the past, only considered the vertical movements of the crust, with little or no consideration of the horizontal movement of the sea floor and the continental blocks. Since the advent of plate tectonics theory, since the early 1970s, palaeogeographic research in other countries has adopted the viewpoint of activity theory and applied a large number of paleomagnetic, palaeoclimate, palaeontological fauna and plate kinematics to recover the geological period Sea and land distribution. There is no doubt that this is a huge improvement. Due to the late start of the research on plate tectonics in China, by the 1980s many of our palaeogeographic studies still follow the past views and principles. Some conclusions drawn from this are obviously not correct, while others are debatable. Now, we will briefly discuss some of the principles in the study of paleogeography, such as the identification of ancient landforms, the determination of transgression and retreat, and the stratigraphic and paleontological zoning.