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土壤湿度是干旱预报、农业生产、作物布局和农业决策的重要指标之一。应用黑龙江省1984-2005年26个农业气象观测站土壤湿度资料,采用气候倾向率和趋势系数统计方法,分析黑龙江省主要农区土壤湿度的时空变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:土壤湿度空间分布存在明显差异,与气温、降水量空间分布分别呈负相关和正相关,三江平原和中部农区土壤湿度相对偏高,松嫩平原土壤湿度相对偏低;近22a来各地土壤湿度变化主要呈下降趋势,各季节土壤湿度下降幅度不同,秋季下降最显著,春季次之,夏季不显著。研究认为气候、气候变化、农事活动对黑龙江省主要农区土壤湿度分布及变化趋势有重要影响,松嫩平原干旱可能加重,三江平原东部春涝可能得到缓解。
Soil moisture is one of the most important indicators of drought forecasting, agricultural production, crop layout and agricultural decision-making. The soil moisture data from 26 agrometeorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1984 to 2005 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture and its influencing factors in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that there was a significant difference in spatial distribution of soil moisture, negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation, and relatively high soil moisture in the agricultural areas of the Sanjiang Plain and the central part of China. Soil moisture in the Songnen Plain was relatively low; The change of soil moisture mainly showed a downward trend, and the soil moisture decreased in different seasons. The fall was the most significant in autumn, followed by spring and not significant in summer. The study suggests that climate, climate change and agricultural activities have an important influence on the distribution and trend of soil moisture in major agricultural areas in Heilongjiang Province. The drought in the Songnen Plain may be aggravated, and the flood and waterlogging in the eastern Sanjiang Plain may be alleviated.