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直立穗型基因是水稻中与株型相关的有重要利用价值的基因。通过对直立穗型的性状遗传、籼稻直立穗型与弯穗型品系的性状比较、基因的分子标记开发和杂交后代的标记辅助选择进行分析研究,结果表明,直立穗无论在粳稻还是在籼稻遗传背景中均表现为单基因不完全显性遗传,显性度达到73.3%~93.7%。直立穗型基因与第9染色体上的SSR标记RM566、RM24423和RM7048紧密连锁,图距分别为5.8、0.43和0.85 cM,用这3个标记对杂交后代辅助育种选择的准确率在66.7%~100%之间,其中RM24423辅助选择的准确率为100%。与弯穗型杂交后代育种品系比较,籼稻直立穗型品系株高和穗长略短、穗数略少,每穗粒数和着粒密度均增加且达显著水平,结实率、千粒重和产量均降低,但只有结实率达显著水平。因此,育种上可依据这些性状效应来探索直立穗型籼稻的株型设计和品种培育的新途径。
Erect panicle genes are important gene-related genes in rice. The characters of erect panicle were compared with that of panicle type, the development of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection of hybrid progenies. The results showed that erect ears were inherited both in japonica rice and indica rice The background showed single gene incomplete dominant inheritance, the dominant degree reached 73.3% ~ 93.7%. The erect panicle genes were closely linked to the SSR markers RM566, RM24423 and RM7048 on chromosome 9 with the distances of 5.8, 0.43 and 0.85 cM, respectively. The accuracy of these three markers for selection of assisted breeding was between 66.7% -100 %, Among which the accuracy of the auxiliary selection of RM24423 is 100%. Compared with the elite heading lines, the erect panicle type of indica rice had a slightly shorter plant height and spike length, slightly fewer spikelets per panicle, and increased grain yield and grain density per spike. Seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield Decreased, but only significant rate of seed set. Therefore, breeding can be based on these trait effects to explore the erect panicle type plant type design and cultivate new ways.