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目的:探讨农村妇女的艾滋病知识知晓率及相关态度,为后续工作提供参考依据。方法:2008年3月采用自制的结构式调查问卷,对503名农村妇女进行了一对一、面对面询问式调查。内容涉及调查对象的基本情况、艾滋病的传播途径和非传播途径、对艾滋病病毒感染者/病人的看法和态度等内容。结果:电视、宣传材料和广播是获得知识的主要途径,97.02%的人听说过艾滋病,87.08%的人知道艾滋病可以预防,74.95%的人知道外表健康的人也可能是感染者,63.42%的调查对象知道目前已有治疗方法可以延长患者生命,59.84%的调查对象知道艾滋病尚不能完全治好。除了PMTCT的知晓率较低(48.91%)之外,其他5项有关艾滋病传播及预防知识条目知晓率均超过了70%。知晓握手和吃饭不会传播的比例都较高,但是有关共用马桶和蚊虫叮咬不传播的知晓率较低。超过70%的调查对象表示不会歧视感染者并且愿意帮助感染者,但是只有58.25%的调查对象表示会同他们继续交往。与低年龄组相比,50岁以上年龄组在14项知识条目中有10项知晓率都较高。结论:迁西县农村妇女对艾滋病处于全面听说、了解不够深入的状态。对艾滋病传播途径和预防知识了解较多但非传播途径知晓率较低,歧视现象较严重,应强化艾滋病知识的健康教育。
Objectives: To explore the knowledge and awareness of HIV / AIDS among rural women so as to provide reference for follow-up work. Methods: In March 2008, 503 rural women were surveyed one-on-one and face-to-face with self-made structured questionnaires. It covers the basic information of the respondents, the route of transmission and non-transmission of AIDS, the opinions and attitudes of HIV / AIDS patients and so on. Results: Television, information materials and broadcasting were the main ways to gain knowledge. 97.02% of the people heard about AIDS, 87.08% knew that AIDS was preventable, 74.95% knew that healthy people could be infected, 63.42% Of the respondents knew that the current treatment methods can prolong the life of patients, 59.84% of the respondents know that AIDS can not be completely cured. In addition to the low awareness of PMTCT (48.91%), the other five AIDS awareness and prevention knowledge articles exceeded 70%. There is a high proportion of people who know that handshaking and eating do not spread, but there is less awareness about the shared toilet and mosquito bites that do not spread. More than 70% of the respondents said they would not discriminate against the infected and are willing to help those infected, but only 58.25% of the respondents indicated that they will continue to engage with them. Compared with the low-age group, over 50-year-old age group in 10 of the 14 knowledge items awareness rate is higher. Conclusion: Rural women in Qianxi County are fully aware of HIV / AIDS and understand the state of inadequate penetration. To understand more about the route of transmission and prevention of AIDS but with lower awareness rate of non-transmission routes and more serious discrimination should strengthen health education on AIDS knowledge.