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目的调查农村居民的高血压病与异常心电图的检出情况。方法于2008年7月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在山东省泰沂山区15个调查点共调查10 625人,进行问卷调查和体格检查,并全部进行心电图描记。对不同性别和年龄段的高血压患病率进行统计,分析不同血压水平与异常心电图的关系。结果调查的10 625人中,高血压病患者2 470例,患病率23.25%,标化率15.28%,15岁~人群标化率18.83%,男女性患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高血压病的检出率随着年龄的增加而升高(χ2=2558.47,P<0.01),40岁~升高更明显。同时随着血压水平的升高,ST-T改变、房室和束支传导阻滞、室性早搏、房颤、房性早搏等异常心电图的检出率明显升高(P<0.01)。结论农村居民高血压患者室性心律失常发生率较房性心律失常高且随着血压水平的升高而明显升高。
Objective To investigate the detection of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram in rural residents. Methods In July 2008, a total of 10 625 people were surveyed in 15 survey sites in the Taiyi mountain area of Shandong Province by means of multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Questionnaires and physical examinations were conducted and electrocardiogram was performed. The prevalence rates of hypertension in different genders and age groups were statistically analyzed, and the relationship between different blood pressure levels and abnormal ECG was analyzed. Results Of the 10 625 people surveyed, there were 2 470 cases of hypertension, the prevalence rate was 23.25%, the standardization rate was 15.28%, and the standardization rate of people aged 15 to 18.83%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate between male and female (P > 0.05). Hypertension detection rate increased with age (χ2 = 2558.47, P <0.01), 40-year-old increased more significantly. At the same time, with the increase of blood pressure, the detection rate of ST-T changes, atrial and bundle branch block, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, atrial premature beats and other abnormal ECG were significantly increased (P <0.01). Conclusion The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in rural residents with hypertension is higher than that of atrial arrhythmia and obviously increases with the increase of blood pressure.