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目的了解北京市公务员健康相关知识和行为,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样,在北京市选取了朝阳区、丰台区、西城区,每区选1~2家公务员单位,共选取4家公务员单位,对抽中单位中18~60岁的所有在职工作人员进行自填式的问卷调查。结果共调查公务员1 100人,其中,男性620人,女性480人。女性公务员对被动吸烟有害健康、饮酒对健康的影响、每日应摄入食盐量、水果不能替代蔬菜、体育锻炼原则及体育锻炼适合程度的知晓率均高于男性公务员(P<0.05)。调查对象吸烟率为22.27%(245人),饮酒率为70.55%(776人),其中,男性吸烟率为32.90%(204人),高于女性的8.54%(41人),男性饮酒率为78.06%(484人),高于女性的60.83%(292人),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性每日定时进食三餐率和每日吃早餐率均低于女性(P<0.05)。调查对象不良工作方式比例较高,加班频率≥1次/周的比例为81.73%(899人),每日工作时间>8h的比例为80.36%(884人)。男性公务员每日工作时间>8h、熬夜频率≥1次/周、自感工作压力大的比例均高于女性公务员(P<0.05)。结论公务员人群的健康相关行为和工作方式情况不容乐观,有必要开展有针对性的健康教育和健康干预,以提高公务员人群的自我保健意识与技能。
Objective To understand the health related knowledge and behaviors of civil servants in Beijing and provide the basis for making targeted interventions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select Chaoyang District, Fengtai District and Xicheng District in Beijing. One or two civil servants were selected in each district. Four civil servants were selected. All the employees aged 18-60 in the selected units Staff on duty self-administered questionnaires. Results A total of 1,100 civil servants were investigated, including 620 males and 480 females. Female civil servants on passive smoking is harmful to health, the impact of drinking on health, daily intake of salt, fruits can not replace vegetables, physical exercise principles and physical exercise appropriate level of awareness were higher than male civil servants (P <0.05). The smoking rate was 22.27% (245) and the drinking rate was 70.55% (776). Among them, the smoking rate was 32.90% (204) in male and 8.54% (41) in female, the male drinking rate was 78.06% (484 persons) and 60.83% (292 persons) higher than women (P <0.05). The rate of daily meal intake and daily breakfast rate were lower in males than in females <0.05). The proportion of poor working methods was high, the frequency of overtime work ≥ 1 time / week was 81.73% (899), and the daily work time> 8h was 80.36% (884). Male civil servants daily working hours> 8h, stay up all night frequency ≥ 1 times / week, the proportion of self-induced work pressure is higher than female civil servants (P <0.05). Conclusions The health-related behaviors and working methods of civil servants are not optimistic. It is necessary to carry out targeted health education and health interventions to raise the self-care awareness and skills of civil servants.