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北宋时代生产力的发展促进了科学技术的进步,出现了自然科学发展史上的一个高峰。王安石的变法运动,不仅在政治上,而且在思想领域上冲击了儒家保守派的桎梏,使这个高峰更加突出。沈括一生主要的活动是与王安石变法运动紧密结合的。他积极参加了变法运动的政治斗争,不仅是新法制定的参与者,而且是新法的真正执行者。在地主阶级革新派与顽固派的激烈斗争中,沈括始终站在革新派一边,同顽固派进行斗争的。这种鲜明的进步的政治立场,给予他在科学活动方面以巨大的影响,使他敢于在科学领域中突破儒家思想的枷锁,作出了重大的贡献。沈括从事科学活动的方面广泛,内容也极为丰富,涉及天文、历法、气象、地质、地理、数学、物理、生物、医药等方面,他在天文和历法方面的成就,在我国历史上是比较突出的。
The development of productive forces in the Northern Song Dynasty promoted the progress of science and technology and saw a peak in the history of the development of natural science. Wang Anshi’s reform movement not only made the peak stand out, not only in politics but also in the sphere of thought, in the confusion of Confucian conservatives. Shen Kui’s main activity is closely integrated with Wang Anshi’s reform movement. He took an active part in the political struggle in the reform movement not only as a participant in the new law but also as a true executor of the new law. In the fierce struggle between the landlord classes and the die-hards, Shen Kuo always stood by the innovators and struggled with the die-hards. This clear and progressive political stance has given him great influence on scientific activities and made him dare to break the shackles of Confucianism in the field of science and make a significant contribution. Shen Kuo engaged in scientific activities in a wide range of content is extremely rich, involving astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geology, geography, mathematics, physics, biology, medicine and other aspects of his astronomy and calendar of achievements in China’s history is more prominent of.