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灰铸铁由于具有多种优越的性能,是目前用量最大的铸造合金。以汽车行业为例,从2010年开始,灰铸铁缸体、缸盖的用量逐渐增长。采用预处理工艺可以改善石墨结晶析出的生核条件,使铸铁的共晶转变温度提高,减轻过冷度,增加共晶团数量,减小铸铁力学性能参数值的波动范围,改善铸件的加工性能。灰铸铁中初生奥氏体枝晶是影响力学性能的重要因素,控制初生奥氏体增强灰铸铁的作用不亚于片状石墨的形态。详细叙述了S和Mn在灰铸铁中的作用及其发展,最后介绍了高Mn铸铁的研究和应用发展情况。
Gray cast iron due to its many superior properties, is the largest amount of casting alloy. In the automotive industry, for example, starting from 2010, the amount of gray cast iron cylinder block and cylinder head gradually increased. The pretreatment process can improve the nucleation conditions of graphite crystallization, increase the eutectic transformation temperature of cast iron, reduce the degree of undercooling, increase the eutectic flux, reduce the fluctuation range of mechanical properties of cast iron and improve the processing performance of castings . The primary austenite dendrite in gray cast iron is an important factor that affects the mechanical properties. The effect of controlling primary austenite reinforced gray cast iron is no less than that of flake graphite. Described in detail the role of S and Mn in gray cast iron and its development, and finally introduced the research and application development of high Mn cast iron.