Background Clinical outcome in patients with primary central nervous lymphoma (PCNSL) is variable and poorly predictable.This study investigated the association of clinical features and immune markers with prognosis of patients with PCNSL.Methods One hundred and fifteen newly diagnosed PCNSL patients at the study institution were considered eligible for this study.Clinical characteristics and biochemical assay data were collected.Immunohistochemical staining of Cyclin D3,Cyclin E,Foxp1,and LMO2 were performed.All cases were followed-up regularly.Results The common sites of involvement were frontal lobe (54.8％) and thalamus (16.5％).Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma composed of 96.5％ of the cases.The median overall survival was 22 (4-41) months,and the 5-year survival rate was 22.8％.Age ＞65 years,serum globulin ＞40 g/L,large size of tumor,lymphocyte count ＞1×109/L,and expression of Cyclin D3 and Cyclin E were associated with poor prognosis of PCNSL.Expressions of Foxp1,LMO2,and CD44 were not related to the survival.Expression of Cyclin E,large tumor size,and high serum globulin were independent prognostic factors for PCNSL.Conclusions PCNSL prognosis is relatively poor.Age,high tumor burden,higher lymphocyte count,expression of Cyclin D3,and Cyclin E are inferior prognostic factors for PCNSL.