对直肠癌病人进行腔内微波热化疗．结合体外培养的细胞．观察治疗前后的超微结构改变。治疗前呈典型的腺癌特征，核浆比例大，异型明显。治疗后见细胞膜破损，微绒毛减少，线粒体肿胀、空泡化，溶酶体明显增多，内质网脱粒，多个细胞器受损．上述结果为热化疗的临床提供了理论依据，并提示膜系统是人直肠癌细胞热化疗死亡的主要靶之一． Intraluminal microwave thermal chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients. Combined with cultured cells in vitro. Observe the ultrastructural changes before and after treatment. Before treatment, it was a typical adenocarcinoma with a large proportion of nuclear plasma and obvious heterotypic pattern. After treatment, cell membranes were damaged, microvilli decreased, mitochondria swollen, vacuolization, lysosomes increased, endoplasmic reticulum threshing, and multiple organelles were damaged. The above results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of thermochemotherapy and suggest that the membrane system is one of the main targets for the death of human rectal cancer cells by thermochemotherapy.