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同素异序词指语素相同,而结构顺序相反的双音节合成词。文章以认知语言学视角对其进行分析与阐释。同素异序词的原型范畴为由同义、近义语素构成的联合式,它还有非典型成员和边缘成员。隐喻与转喻机制在同素异序词的词义演变与分化中起着重要的作用,前者使得词义产生具体义与抽象义之分,后者使得词性具有单类词与兼类词的区别。
Allomorphs refer to disyllabic compounds with the same morpheme but opposite structural order. The article analyzes and expounds it from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The prototype category of allomorphs is a combination of synonyms and near-synonymous morphemes, as well as atypical members and marginal members. Metaphor and metonymy mechanisms play an important role in the evolution and differentiation of the meanings of the same-descriptive words. The former makes the meaning of the words produce the distinction between the specific meaning and the abstract sense. The latter makes the difference between the single-type words and the double-type words.