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目的了解云南省红河州疟疾流行概况与防治历程,分析消除疟疾的措施、效果和经验。方法对红河州1953-2016年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表和相关文件进行分析和总结。结果红河州气候炎热,疟疾媒介按蚊复杂,调查发现有22种按蚊;在中华按蚊、微小按蚊、溪流按蚊、印神按蚊、巴拉巴按蚊和雷氏按蚊按蚊中均检测到过疟原虫子孢子自然感染,其中主要媒介微小按蚊子孢子自然感染率高达0.62%(8/1 291),历史上是疟疾高度地方性流行区,64年来累计报告疟疾病例409 251例,死亡788例,病死率0.19%。1953年发现病例最多,共报告43 071例,发病率2 661.1/10万。经过64年的积极防治,2008年疟疾发病率控制在5/10万以下,2011年发现最后1例当地感染病例后,再无本地感染疟疾,2015年11月通过省级考核评估,实现消除疟疾。结论红河州原为我国主要边境高疟区,防治和消除措施成功有效,按国家规划实现了消除疟疾目标。加强境外输入性疟疾监测和管理,是巩固消除疟疾成果的重要策略。
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation and prevention and cure history of Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan Province and to analyze the measures, effects and experiences of malaria elimination. Methods The malaria epidemic data, reports and related documents from 1953 to 2016 in Honghe Prefecture were analyzed and summarized. Results In Honghe Prefecture, the climate was hot and the malaria vector Anopheles mosquito was complicated. Anopheles sinensis was found in 22 species. Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles stephensi Natural infection of sporozoites was detected. The natural infection rate of microsporozoan mosquitoes was 0.62% (8/1 291). Historically, it was a highly endemic area of malaria. A total of 409 251 malaria cases were reported in 64 years , 788 deaths, fatality rate 0.19%. In 1953, the largest number of cases were reported, 43 071 cases were reported, with a total incidence of 2666.1 million. After 64 years of active prevention and treatment, the incidence of malaria was controlled below 5/10 million in 2008. After the last case of local infection was found in 2011, there was no local malaria infection. In November 2015, it passed the provincial assessment to achieve malaria elimination . Conclusion Honghe Prefecture was formerly a high malaria area in China’s major border areas. The measures for prevention and control were successfully and effectively implemented and the goal of eliminating malaria was realized according to the national plan. Strengthening monitoring and management of imported malaria abroad is an important strategy for consolidating the achievements in eliminating malaria.