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根据2004年3月、7月和9月对拒马河北京段进行的鱼类调查结果,研究了拒马河北京段鱼类种类、分布及物种多样性。结果表明,调查区域共发现鱼类24种,隶属于3目8科24属,多为中底层小型鱼类,其中麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)为拒马河北京段内优势种类。将本次调查结果与历史资料比较后发现,拒马河北京段内鱼类的种类减少了3目5科18种,表明拒马河鱼类物种多样性遭到破坏,亟待保护。水文条件变化、水利工程建设、过度捕捞和非法采砂是造成该区鱼类物种多样性减少的主要原因。针对该地鱼类物种减少,提出以下保护对策:(1)建立自然保护区;(2)限制水利工程的建设;(3)实施禁渔制度;(4)人工增殖放流;(5)增强民众保护意识。
According to the survey of fish in the Beijing section of Juma River in March, July and September 2004, the species, distribution and species diversity of fish in the Beijing area of the Juma River were studied. The results showed that a total of 24 species of fish were found in the survey area, belonging to 3 orders, 8 families and 24 genera, mostly of mid-bottom small-sized fish. Pseudorasbora parva was the dominant species in Beijing section of Juma River. Comparing this survey result with the historical data, it is found that the species of the fish in the Beijing section of the Juma River has been reduced by 3 orders, 5 families and 18 species, indicating that the species diversity of the Juma River fish species has been destroyed and is in urgent need of protection. Changes in hydrological conditions, construction of water conservancy projects, overfishing and illegal sand mining are the major causes of the diminished fish species diversity in the area. In view of the reduction of fish species in this area, the following protection measures are proposed: (1) establishment of nature reserves; (2) restriction of construction of water conservancy projects; (3) implementation of the no-fishing system; (4) artificial proliferation release; Protection awareness.