有迹象显示,卡夫卡的《乡村医生》与希腊古典作品有很深的渊源。卡夫卡书信中所述及的“无名希腊人”的“非历史命运”是对荷马《伊利亚特》与索福克勒斯《奥狄浦斯王》的压缩和变形,包含着他借助古典作品来达成自我理解的努力,也暗示了一条通向《乡村医生》的道路。通过解读《乡村医生》与上述两部古典作品在情节、形象及细节上的联系并参照柏拉图《会饮》对爱欲秩序的理解,本文尝试说明:乡村医生的“命运”与奥狄浦斯及阿基琉斯的“悲剧”有内在相关性;卡夫卡及其写作所卷入的“爱欲”与“拯救”的古老纠缠因其所处的虚无主义语境而变得更为窘迫。 There are some signs that Kafka’s “village doctor” has deep roots in Greek classical works. The “Non-Historical Destiny” of “Unnamed Greeks” mentioned in the Kafka letter is the compression and deformation of Homer “Iliad” and Sophocles “Oedipus Rex” , Including his efforts to reach self-understanding through classical works, also implies a path to “village doctors.” By interpreting the link between the “village doctor” and the above two classical works in the plot, the image and the details, and referring to Plato’s “drinking” on the understanding of the order of love and love, this article tries to illustrate that the “doctor’s fate” Pus and Achilles are intrinsically related to the “tragedy”; the ancient entanglement of “Eros” and “Salvation” by Kafka and his writing is due to his nihilism Context becomes more embarrassing.