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随着世界经济一体化的加速发展，跨国公司在国际经济活动中的作用日显重要，国际贸易与国际直接投资相结合的趋势愈发明显。有鉴于此，理论界不少学者也作出种种尝试，试图在一定程度上将国际贸易理论与国际直接投资理论融合起来，建立一个国际生产的一般理论，以统一解释企业的国际生产活动。以交易费用为基础的内部化理论认为，跨国公司与一般的企业在性质上并无二异，跨国公司进行国际生产活动是为了其利润最大化，跨国公司根据交易费用的大小选择国际生产的不同方式。因此，内部化理论能够作为国际生产的一般理论回答跨国公司进行国际生产的一些基本问题。
With the accelerated development of world economic integration, the role of transnational corporations in international economic activities becomes increasingly important. The trend of combining international trade with international direct investment has become increasingly evident. In view of this, many scholars in the academic circles have also made various attempts to try to integrate the theories of international trade and international direct investment to a certain extent and establish a general theory of international production so as to unify the international production activities of enterprises. The theory of internalization based on transaction costs holds that transnational corporations are no different in nature from general enterprises. Multinational corporations make international production activities for their profit maximization. Multinational corporations choose the international production according to the transaction costs the way. Therefore, the theory of internalization can be used as a general theory of international production to answer the multinational corporations’ basic questions of international production.