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葡萄杂交育种效率的高低或成败直接受花粉生活力高低的影响。测定不同鲜食葡萄品种的花粉生活力,可为正确选择杂交组合和授粉时间等提供参考依据,也是保证杂交育种工作顺利进行的关键。以不同鲜食葡萄品种的花粉为试材,用离体培养法测定其新鲜花粉的生活力,并探讨不同贮藏条件对不同鲜食葡萄品种花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:不同鲜食葡萄品种新鲜花粉的生活力存在差异,新葡一号、维多利亚、木纳格、马奶子4个品种间的花粉生活力差异不显著,但京秀与其他品种的花粉生活力差异极显著;显微观察发现黑贝蒂的花粉没有萌发。在不同的贮藏条件下,花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,不同的贮藏条件对其有很大的影响,适当的低温可有效延长花粉的贮藏时间。其中以-40℃萌发率最高,为最佳贮藏温度;在贮藏过程中马奶子和京秀存在短期被迫休眠现象。
The efficiency of grape hybrid breeding success or failure directly affected by the level of pollen vitality. The determination of pollen viability of different fresh grape varieties can provide a reference for the correct selection of hybrid combinations and pollination time, and is also the key to ensure the smooth progress of hybrid breeding. The pollen of different fresh grape varieties was used as test material, the viability of fresh pollen was determined by in vitro culture method, and the effects of different storage conditions on the pollen germination of different fresh grape varieties were discussed. The results showed that there were differences in the viability of fresh pollen of different fresh grape varieties, but there was no significant difference in the pollen viability among the four varieties of Xinya No.1, Victoria, The difference of force was extremely significant. The microscopic observation showed that the pollen of black Betty did not germinate. Under different storage conditions, the viability of pollen decreased with the prolongation of storage time, and different storage conditions had a great impact on pollen viability. Appropriate low temperature could prolong pollen storage time. Among them, the germination rate was the highest at -40 ℃, which was the best storage temperature. During the storage, Mashiko and Jingxiu were forced to sleep for a short time.