用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对中华绒螯蟹两个群体(荷兰盐城湖和中国太湖)进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出14个对两群体进行扩增分析。结果为:14个引物共检测到100条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子量在200~2000bp之间,太湖和盐城湖两群体的多态位点比例、Shannon多样性指数、Ne i基因多样性指数分别为:46%和44%、0.2195和0.1976、0.1446和0.1270,两群体的遗传距离为0.013。据此结果推断,中华绒螯蟹群体遗传多样性不高,种内群体间的遗传变异较低,其遗传资源亟待保护,同时验证了荷兰的中华绒螯蟹是从中国引进繁衍的推论。 Two populations of Eriocheir sinensis (Yancheng Lake in the Netherlands and Taihu Lake in China) were detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Fourteen of 40 randomly selected primers were used to amplify the two populations. The results showed that: 100 primers were detected with 14 primers and the molecular weight was between 200 and 2000bp. The polymorphic loci ratio, Shannon’s diversity index and Nei gene diversity between Taihu and Yancheng Lake The sex indices were 46% and 44%, 0.2195 and 0.1976, 0.1446 and 0.1270, respectively. The genetic distance between the two groups was 0.013. Based on these results, it was concluded that the genetic diversity of Eriocheir sinensis was not high, the genetic variation among populations was low, and the genetic resources needed to be protected. At the same time, it was verified that the Chinese mitten crab in the Netherlands was derived from China.