妊娠前干预是孕前期保健的重要组成部分。对妊娠前风险的准确评估和有效干预可显著改善妊娠结局。目前证明有效的干预方式包括,生活方式改变、环境改善、叶酸补充、遗传咨询以及慢性和感染性疾病控制等。对于生活方式和环境中的危险因素,开展大量的干预研究,效果显著。为保证围妊娠期妇女的叶酸摄入量,普遍采用补充叶酸制剂和食物叶酸强化两种方法。孕前遗传咨询是妊娠前干预的重要手段之一,其涉及生物医学、伦理道德、社会经济等多方面问题,目前还存在一些不足,但发展迅速。对患有慢性或传染性疾病的妇女采取一系列规范化的干预措施,可明显改善妊娠结局。 Pre-pregnancy intervention is an important part of pre-pregnancy care. Accurate assessment of pre-pregnancy risks and effective interventions can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes. Proven effective interventions include lifestyle changes, environmental improvements, folic acid supplementation, genetic counseling, and control of chronic and infectious diseases. For lifestyle and environmental risk factors, to carry out a large number of intervention studies, the effect is significant. In order to ensure that women around the pregnancy folic acid intake, commonly used folic acid supplementation and food folic acid fortification two methods. Prenuptial genetic counseling is one of the important means of pre-pregnancy intervention. It involves many issues such as biomedicine, ethics, social economy and so on. There are still some shortcomings, but the rapid development. A series of standardized interventions for women with chronic or infectious diseases can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes.