目的分析“4·20”芦山地震3个重灾县发生传染病的风险,针对性采取卫生防疫措施,吸取“5·12”汶川地震经验教训,科学防控疫情,为过渡期卫生防疫提供参考。方法收集“4·20”芦山地震卫生防疫方面出台的各种方案、技术文件、风险评估资料及抗震救灾一线应急队提供的信息数据,分析传染病防控的重点与困难。结果芦山地震灾后卫生防疫面临的主要风险是以肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病为主,包括手足口病、细菌性痢疾、其他感染性腹泻、急性出血性结膜炎、血吸虫病、流行性腮腺炎、甲肝、水痘、肺结核、风疹等,结合灾区周边历史疫情,群体性预防接种疫苗为甲肝和麻腮风疫苗。结论 “4·20”芦山地震卫生防疫全覆盖早,工作开展与医疗救援几乎同时展开,传染病防控措施落实较好,灾区无重大传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件发生。 Objective To analyze the risk of infectious diseases in 3 severely affected counties of Lushan Earthquake of “April 20”, take measures of health and epidemic prevention pertinently, draw lessons from “5 · 12” Wenchuan earthquake and scientifically prevent and control epidemic situation, Health and epidemic prevention for reference. Methods Collecting various programs, technical documents, risk assessment data and the information data provided by the front-line emergency response team for quake relief in the “4.20” Lushan earthquake epidemic prevention and prevention center to analyze the key points and difficulties in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Results The main risks faced by Lushan post-quake epidemic prevention are mainly intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases, including hand-foot-mouth disease, bacillary dysentery, other infectious diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, schistosomiasis, mumps , Hepatitis A, chickenpox, tuberculosis, rubella and so on. Combined with the historical epidemic around the disaster-stricken areas, the group vaccination against hepatitis A and MMR vaccine. Conclusion “Four · 20” full coverage of health and epidemic prevention of Lushan earthquake early, work and medical rescue started almost at the same time, infectious disease prevention and control measures to implement better, no major infectious disease in the disaster area and public health emergencies.