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王朝兴亡,过客缤纷,而究其覆亡原因,主要有二:一是亡于内乱,二是亡于外患。所谓亡于内乱,就是王朝内部出了问题,要么是民众造反,要么是统治集团高层篡权。所谓亡于外患,就是王朝被外部打击而颠覆。自秦迄清,主要王朝之中,秦、西汉、东汉、隋、唐、元、明、清之覆灭,都是亡于内乱。唯独宋朝,二度倾覆,皆缘外患——北宋亡于金朝之手,南宋亡于元朝铁骑。宋朝立国的320年间,不是没有昏君奸臣,也不是没有民众造反。然而,历代王朝,为何唯
The rise and fall of the dynasty, passing colorful, but the reasons for the fall, there are two main: First, died in civil strife, and second, died in a foreign affair. The so-called death in civil strife means that there is a problem inside the dynasty, either because the people are rebelled or that the ruling party is at the top of the ranks to usurp power. The so-called death in a foreign affair, is the dynasty was subversive and external strikes. Since the Qin and Qing dynasties, the main dynasties, Qin, Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han, Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, are dead in civil strife. Only the Song Dynasty, the second overturned, Jieyuan foreign - Northern Song Dynasty died in the hands of the Jin Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty died in the Yuan Dynasty cavalry. In the 320 years since the founding of the Song Dynasty, it was not without any traitorous conscience, nor with no popular rebel. However, dynasties, why only