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从妊娠开始到哺乳期终止是母体经受一系列生理调节的过程。妇女在妊娠期间不仅要维持自身的营养需要,还要保证胎儿的生长发育及乳房、子宫和胎盘等发育的需要,也要为分娩和产后授乳作好营养贮备。适宜营养直接关系到胎儿、婴幼儿乃至青少年及成人体格、智力的全面发展,对母体及婴幼儿的健康有重要意义。一、孕妇营养对胎儿、婴儿的影响孕妇营养对子代的影响曾有过争议。目前,大多认为孕期营养对子代有明显影响。美国母亲食品及营养委员公,收集了有关孕期营养与其预后关系的大量资料后,提出孕期营养充足与否与下列7项指标的高低有关:①母、婴死亡率;②自然流产;③早产;④
From the beginning of pregnancy until the end of lactation is the process of the maternal undergo a series of physiological regulation. Women during pregnancy not only to maintain their nutritional needs, but also to ensure that the growth and development of the fetus and breast, uterus and placenta and other development needs, but also for childbirth and postpartum lactation to make nutritional reserves. Appropriate nutrition is directly related to the fetus, infants and young children as well as adults physical and mental all-round development of the mother and infants and young children’s health is of great significance. First, the impact of maternal nutrition on the fetus, baby The impact of maternal nutrition on offspring had been controversial. At present, most of that nutrition during pregnancy have a significant impact on offspring. After collecting a large amount of information about the relationship between nutrition during pregnancy and its prognosis, the United States proposed that nutrition adequacy during pregnancy is related to the following seven indicators: (1) maternal and infant mortality rate (2) spontaneous abortion (3) premature labor, ④