一、前言日本东芝制造工程实验室建立于1970年。实验室的职能足为东芝的各业务部门提供生产技术(东芝的研究与发展管理机构见图1)。为此,一般情况下一年要有200多项研究活动。这些活动分为5类:生产系统设 First, the foreword Japan’s Toshiba manufacturing engineering laboratory was established in 1970. The lab’s functions are sufficient for Toshiba’s business units to provide manufacturing technology (Toshiba’s research and development management agency shown in Figure 1). For this reason, there are generally more than 200 research activities in a year. These activities fall into five categories: production system design