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东汉时期华北地区已开始使用水碓进行粮食加工 ,南北朝时期又出现了水碾和水磨。利用水力设施进行粮食加工 ,在魏晋南北朝时期的洛阳、河内地区已相当常见 ;至唐代进一步发展 ,在关中地区甚至成为一个相当兴旺的经济产业 ;宋代以后则逐渐衰退 ,明清时期竟至完全衰落。古代华北水力加工与水稻生产在用水方面一直存在矛盾 ,但两者又存在着同步兴衰的关系。其在东汉至唐代之所以能够逐步发展并一度相当兴旺 ,水资源尚较丰富是具有关键意义的前提条件 ;它在宋代以后逐渐衰退、终至完全衰落 ,根本原因乃是当地水环境不断恶化 ,水资源日益短缺 ,使其逐渐丧失了存在和发展的自然基础。
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, North China started to use Minamata for food processing. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties there were also water mill and water mill. In the period of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Luoyang and Hanoi areas have been quite common. In the Tang Dynasty, further development took place and even became a fairly prosperous economic industry in the Guanzhong area. However, it gradually declined after the Song Dynasty and was completely completed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties Decline. There are always contradictions in water use between ancient North China hydraulic processing and rice production, but the two have the same relationship of rising and falling simultaneously. The reason why it was able to gradually develop and was quite prosperous from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and was relatively rich in water resources was a key prerequisite. It gradually declined after the Song Dynasty and finally declined completely. The fundamental reason was that the local water environment was deteriorating. Water The growing shortage of resources has gradually lurked the natural foundation for its existence and development.