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新经济地理理论通常认为集群地区的生产率优势源于集聚效应,而“新”新经济地理也认可选择效应(激烈竞争导致高效率企业才能生存)。本文证明了两种效应的存在性,进而运用企业微观数据分析,发现中国集群县市的企业(1)具有生产率优势;(2)低生产率企业少(左断尾),高生产率企业也少(无右移动);(3)企业初建时生产率高、淘汰率高、增长速度低,因而中国集群地区的生产率优势源于选择效应而不是集聚效应。
The new economic geography theory generally assumes that the productivity advantage of a cluster region originates from the agglomeration effect, while the “new” new economic geography also recognizes the selective effect (fierce competition leads to high-efficiency enterprises to survive). This paper proves the existence of the two effects, and then uses the micro-data analysis of the enterprises to find out that the enterprises in the cluster cities and counties in China have the productivity advantage. (2) The enterprises with low productivity (left tail) and high productivity No right shift); (3) The high initial production rate, the high elimination rate and the low growth rate of enterprises in the initial stage of construction result in the productivity advantage of the cluster area in China due to the selection effect rather than the agglomeration effect.