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以咽鼓管、腭帆提肌和腭帆张肌在颅底的附着点为依据,分别测量了成人、幼儿、新生儿、猴、犬和兔的颅骨。分析了腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌的解剖特点,与咽鼓管开放的相互关系以及与颅形的内在联系,并将测量数据与有关头部标本进行对照研究。腭帆提肌位于咽鼓管后下方,成人的腭帆提肌与正中矢状面和腭水平面夹角明显大于新生儿和动物的,提示成人腭帆提肌上抬咽鼓管后内壁的能力比新生儿和动物强,腭帆张肌位于咽鼓管前方,成人为垂直下降到达翼钩,新生儿及动物向前倾斜,提示两者对咽鼓管具有不同作用。由于人类和动物的脑颅骨与面颅骨位置关系不同,以及成人与新生儿呼吸、咀嚼功能发育不一,使成人、小儿和动物的颅形出现明显差异,导致腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌的方位改变。本文结果表明,咽鼓管开放在成人以腭帆提肌为主,新生儿和动物以腭帆张肌为主,幼儿则处于腭帆张肌尚作用减弱,腭帆提肌尚未发育完善,其功能尚未有效发挥的过渡阶段。
The skull of adults, toddlers, newborns, monkeys, dogs and rabbits were measured on the basis of the eustachian tube, the levator mucosa of the palatoplasty and the lamina propria of the palatopra in the base of the skull. The anatomical characteristics of the levator mucosa and palatoplasty muscle of the palatal sail, the relationship between the eustachian tube opening and the eustachian tube opening and the internal relations with the cranial shape were analyzed. The measurement data were compared with the related head specimens. The palatal-saphenous levator anterior is located below the eustachian tube, the angle between the adult palatal-saphenous muscle and the mid-sagittal plane and the palatal horizontal plane is significantly greater than that of the neonates and animals, suggesting that the adult palatal-saphenous lift the inner wall of the eustachian tube. More than neonates and animals, the cleft-sternum muscle is located in front of the Eustachian tube, and the adult descends perpendicularly to the wing hook. The neonate and the animal lean forward, suggesting that both have different effects on the Eustachian tube. Because human and animal brain skull and facial skull position relationship, as well as adult and newborn breathing, masticatory development of different, adult, pediatric and animal skull showed significant differences, leading to palatal saphenous, palatal fan Change of orientation. The results show that the eustachian tube open in the palate salamanders to the main palate, neonatal and animal palatal stenotomies mainly in young children are still in the palatal stenosis lessened, the levator palate has not yet developed perfect Function has not yet effectively played a transitional stage.