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目的分析2006-2015年温州市人民医院住院新生儿病因及死亡变化趋势,为新生儿疾病防控提供指导。方法回顾性分析2006-2015年温州市人民医院住院及死亡新生儿病例资料,分为2006-2010年、2011-2015年2个时间段,统计新生儿时期常见病类型,分析死亡趋势变化及死因构成变化。结果 12006-2010年新生儿病因以新生儿高胆红素血症(黄疸)(31.78%)、新生儿窒息(23.38%)、新生儿肺透明膜病(14.68%)为主要病因;2011-2015年病因以黄疸(38.91%)、新生儿肺炎(16.31%)、新生儿窒息(13.02%)为主要病因;黄疸仍为主要病因,新生儿窒息、新生儿肺透明膜病均有减少,前后5年新生儿窒息及新生儿肺透明膜病在疾病构成所占比例对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。210年间该院新生儿死亡率为1.20%。死亡新生儿以男性多见,出生≤7 d死亡率高于出生>7 d,流动人口死亡率高于常住人口,早产儿死亡率高于足月新生儿(P<0.05)。32010年新生儿死亡率最高,其次为2006年,2007年位列第3;2006年后新生儿死亡率缓慢下降,2009年有所上升,2010年后逐渐下降,随后2年下降趋势明显。42006-2010年新生儿肺透明膜病为新生儿主要死因,其次为早产儿、新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息;2011-2015年早产儿病死率有所下降,但仍为主要病因,其次为新生儿肺透明膜病、新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息。2011-2015年新生儿肺炎、早产儿死亡率对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2006-2015年,该院新生儿住院病因以黄疸、新生儿肺炎、新生儿肺透明膜病为主,10年间住院新生儿死亡率逐渐下降,后5年下降明显,早产儿、男性、流动人口死亡率较高,早产、新生儿肺透明膜病、新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息为其主要死因。为降低新生儿死亡率,必须强化产前筛查,加强孕期宣教,引进新生儿复苏技术。
Objective To analyze the etiology and mortality trends of inpatients in Wenzhou People’s Hospital from 2006 to 2015 so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of neonatal diseases. Methods The data of inpatients and deaths of newborns in Wenzhou People’s Hospital from 2006 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were divided into two periods from 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. The types of common diseases in neonatal period were analyzed, the changes of death trend and the causes of death were analyzed Constitute a change. Results The causes of newborn infants in 12006-2010 were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) (31.78%), neonatal asphyxia (23.38%) and neonatal hyaline membrane disease (14.68%). The etiology of jaundice (38.91%), neonatal pneumonia (16.31%), neonatal asphyxia (13.02%) as the main cause; jaundice is still the main etiology, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal hyaline membrane disease have decreased, before and after 5 Neonatal asphyxia and neonatal hyaline membrane disease in the composition of the proportion of the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The hospital neonatal mortality rate was 1.20% in 210 years. Death of newborns more common in men, birth ≤ 7 d higher mortality than birth> 7 d, floating population mortality was higher than the resident population, premature infant mortality was higher than full-term newborns (P <0.05). In 32010, the highest neonatal mortality rate was the highest, followed by 2006 and the third highest in 2007; the neonatal mortality rate dropped slowly after 2006, rising in 2009 and gradually decreasing after 2010, and then decreased significantly in the following two years. 42006 - Neonatal hyaline membrane disease in 2010 is the leading cause of neonatal death, followed by premature children, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia; mortality in preterm children declined from 2011 to 2015, but still the main cause, followed by freshmen Children with hyaline membrane disease, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia. The difference of neonatal pneumonia and premature infant mortality between 2011 and 2015 was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions From 2006 to 2015, the neonatal hospitalization of jaundice, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hyaline membrane disease were the main causes of hospitalization in newborns. The mortality rate of in-hospital neonates decreased gradually in 10 years and decreased significantly in the next 5 years. Premature infants, males, High mortality rate, premature birth, neonatal hyaline membrane disease, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia as the main cause of death. In order to reduce the neonatal mortality rate, we must strengthen prenatal screening, strengthen prenatal education and introduce newborn resuscitation techniques.