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成本—效益分析方法已经成为美国立法过程的必经程序,在立法者制定涉及不同利益团体的法律法规时,在很大程度上可以排除政治偏见,另外,该项评估制度可以有效地节约立法成本和行政管理成本。美国的立法成本—效益评估制度历经尼克松政府到奥巴马政府近半个世纪,并通过一系列的行政命令将其确定下来。在考察美国成本—效益评估制度历史进程的基础上,总结制度确立的发展规律,探究其对美国立法制度和程序的影响,以提出我国建立健全成本效益评估制度的建议。
The cost-benefit analysis method has become a necessary procedure in the legislative process in the United States. When legislators make laws and regulations involving different interest groups, they can largely eliminate political bias. In addition, the evaluation system can effectively save the legislative costs And administrative costs. The U.S. legislative cost-benefit assessment system has been going through the Nixon administration to the Obama administration for nearly half a century and has been finalized through a series of administrative orders. On the basis of examining the historical process of the cost-benefit evaluation system in the United States, the author summarizes the development rules of the system and explores its impact on the legislative system and procedures in the United States to put forward suggestions on how to establish a cost-benefit assessment system in China.