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目的了解深圳市福田区小型制造业劳动者职业紧张人类工效学干预措施实施效果。方法对5家小型制造企业531名劳动者分别采取改变工作台作业条件(A组)、制定合理劳动作息制度(B组)两种不同人类工效学干预措施进行干预,并与271名对照组劳动者进行比较,分析干预实施效果。结果干预后,A组劳动者在干预前后职业任务、任务不适、任务冲突、工作环境、个体紧张反应、心理紧张反应、躯体紧张反应、理性处事等项目得分差值与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组劳动者在干预前后职业任务、任务模糊、任务冲突、个体紧张反应、人际紧张反应、自我保健等项目得分差值与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过人类工效学措施,合理改变劳动者工作台作业条件、生产环境条件能有效降低劳动者的职业紧张;改变劳动作息制度可引起劳动者职业紧张发生改变,合理的劳动作息制度如何影响劳动者职业紧张尚需进一步研究。
Objective To understand the implementation effect of occupational stress ergonomics intervention among laborers in small manufacturing industry in Futian District, Shenzhen. Methods A total of 531 laborers from 5 small-scale manufacturing enterprises were interviewed by two different ergonomic interventions, which were to change working conditions of workbench (group A), establish a reasonable labor schedule (group B), and intervene with 271 control workers Who were compared to analyze the implementation effect of intervention. Results After intervention, the differences between the scores of occupational tasks, task discomfort, task conflicts, work environment, individual nervous reactions, psychological stress reactions, physical stress reactions, rational services and other items in Group A workers were significantly different from those in the control group (P <0.05). There were significant differences in scores of occupational tasks, ambiguous tasks, task conflicts, individual stress responses, interpersonal nervousness reactions, and self-care scores between the two groups before and after intervention (P <0.05) . Conclusion Through the ergonomics measures, reasonably changing working conditions of laborer’s workbench, production environment conditions can effectively reduce the occupational stress of laborers; changing the work-rest system can cause the occupational stress of laborers to change and how the reasonable work-rest system affects laborers Occupational stress needs further study.